How Long Can a Woman Have Her Period Without Dying

Having no menstrual periods is called amenorrhea.

Amenorrhea is normal in the following circumstances:

• Earlier puberty

• During pregnancy

• While breastfeeding

• Afterwards menopause

At other times, it may be the first symptom of a serious disorder.

Amenorrhea may be accompanied by other symptoms, depending on the cause. For instance, women may develop masculine characteristics (virilization), such equally excess torso hair (hirsutism Hairiness In men, the amount of trunk hair varies profoundly (run across also Overview of Hair Growth), but very few men are concerned enough almost excess hair to see a medico. In women, the amount of hair that... read more than ), a deepened vox, and increased muscle size. They may have headaches, vision problems, or a decreased sex activity bulldoze. They may accept difficulty becoming pregnant.

In most women with amenorrhea, the ovaries do not release an egg. Such women cannot become significant.

If amenorrhea lasts a long time, issues similar to those associated with menopause Menopause Menopause is the permanent end of menstrual periods and thus of fertility. For up to several years before and just afterwards menopause, estrogen levels fluctuate widely, periods become irregular... read more may develop. They include hot flashes, vaginal dryness, decreased bone density (osteoporosis Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a condition in which a subtract in the density of bones weakens the bones, making breaks (fractures) likely. Crumbling, estrogen deficiency, low vitamin D or calcium intake, and... read more than ), and an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disorders. Such problems occur because in women who have amenorrhea, the estrogen level is low.

At that place are two master types of amenorrhea:

• Main: Menstrual periods never offset.

• Secondary: Periods kickoff, then stop.

Unremarkably if periods never start, girls practice not get through puberty, and thus secondary sexual characteristics, such as breasts and pubic hair, do not develop normally.

If women take been having menstrual periods, which then end, they may have secondary amenorrhea. Secondary amenorrhea is much more common than primary.

• The hypothalamus (role of the brain that helps control the pituitary gland)

• The pituitary gland, which produces luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone

• The ovaries, which produce estrogen and progesterone

Other hormones, such as thyroid hormones and prolactin (produced past the pituitary gland), can touch on the menstrual cycle.

The most common reason for no menstrual periods in women who are not meaning or breastfeeding is

• Malfunction of any part of this hormonal organisation

When this organisation malfunctions, the ovaries do non release an egg. The blazon of amenorrhea that results is called anovulatory amenorrhea.

Less usually, the hormonal system is functioning ordinarily, but another problem prevents periods from occurring. For case, menstrual bleeding may non occur because the uterus is scarred or considering a birth defect, fibroid, or polyp blocks the flow of menstrual blood out of the vagina.

Loftier levels of prolactin, which stimulates the breasts to produce milk, can result in no periods.

Amenorrhea can issue from conditions that touch on the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries, uterus, neck, or vagina. These weather condition include hormonal disorders, birth defects, genetic disorders, and drugs.

Which causes are nigh common depends on whether amenorrhea is main or secondary.

The disorders that cause master amenorrhea are relatively uncommon, but the most common are

• A genetic disorder

Genetic disorders include

• Disorders that result in having a Y chromosome (which normally occurs merely in males).

Genetic disorders and birth defects that cause principal amenorrhea may non exist noticed until puberty. These disorders cause only primary amenorrhea, not secondary.

Sometimes puberty is delayed in girls who do non have a disorder, and normal periods simply brainstorm at a later age. Such delayed puberty may run in families.

The most common causes are

• Pregnancy

• Breastfeeding

• Malfunction of the hypothalamus

• Malfunction of the pituitary gland or the thyroid gland

• Use of sure drugs, such as birth control pills (oral contraceptives), antidepressants, or antipsychotic drugs

Pregnancy is the almost common crusade of amenorrhea among women of childbearing historic period.

The hypothalamus may malfunction for several reasons:

• Stress or excessive exercise (as done past competitive athletes, especially women who participate in sports that involve maintaining a depression torso weight)

• Radiations therapy or an injury

The pituitary gland may malfunction because

• It is damaged.

• Levels of prolactin are high.

Antidepressants, antipsychotic drugs, oral contraceptives (sometimes), or sure other drugs can cause prolactin levels to increase, as tin pituitary tumors and another disorders.

Less common causes of secondary amenorrhea include chronic disorders (specially of the lungs, digestive tract, blood, kidneys, or liver), some autoimmune disorders, cancer, HIV infection, radiation therapy, head injuries, a hydatidiform mole (overgrowth of tissue from the placenta), Cushing syndrome, and malfunction of the adrenal glands. Scarring of the uterus (usually due to an infection or surgery), polyps, and fibroids can also crusade secondary amenorrhea.

Doctors determine whether amenorrhea is main or secondary. This information tin assist them place the cause.

Certain symptoms are cause for concern:

• Delayed puberty

• Evolution of masculine characteristics, such equally excess torso hair, a deepened voice, and increased muscle size

• Vision problems

• A pregnant change in weight

Girls should meet a physician within a few weeks if

• They have no signs of puberty (such as chest development or a growth spurt) by age 13.

• Periods take not started by age xv in girls who are growing normally and have adult secondary sexual characteristics.

Such girls may have primary amenorrhea.

If girls or women of childbearing age have had menstrual periods that have stopped, they should see a doctor if they have

• Missed 3 menstrual periods

• Fewer than 9 periods a twelvemonth

• A sudden change in the blueprint of periods

Such women may have secondary amenorrhea. Doctors ever exercise a pregnancy test when they evaluate women for secondary amenorrhea. Women may wish to do a habitation pregnancy test before they see the doc.

For the menstrual history, doctors determine whether amenorrhea is primary or secondary by asking the girl or woman whether she has ever had a menstrual menstruation. If she has, she is asked how quondam she was when the periods started and when the last period occurred. She is also asked to draw the periods:

• How long they lasted

• How often they occurred

• Whether they were always regular

• How heavy they were

• Whether her breasts were tender or she had mood changes related to periods

If a girl has never had a period, doctors ask

• Whether breasts have started to develop

• Whether she has had a growth spurt

• Whether pubic and underarm hair (signs of puberty) has appeared

• Whether whatever other family member has had aberrant periods

This information enables doctors to rule out some causes. Information nearly delayed puberty and genetic disorders in family members can help doctors determine whether the cause is a genetic disorder.

Doctors ask about other symptoms that may suggest a cause and about use of drugs, exercise, eating habits, and other weather condition that can cause amenorrhea.

During the physical examination, doctors determine whether secondary sexual characteristics accept developed. A breast examination is done. A pelvic examination is done to determine whether genital organs are developing normally and to cheque for abnormalities in reproductive organs.

Doctors also check for symptoms that may suggest a crusade such as

• A milky discharge from both nipples: Possible causes include pituitary disorders and drugs that increase levels of prolactin (a hormone that stimulates milk product).

• Headaches, hearing loss, and fractional loss of vision or double vision: Possible causes include tumors of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus.

• Development of masculine characteristics, such as excess body pilus, a deepened voice, and increased muscle size: Possible causes include polycystic ovary syndrome, tumors that produce male hormones, and apply of drugs such as synthetic male hormones (androgens), antidepressants, or high doses of synthetic female hormones called progestins.

• Hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and night sweats: Possible causes include premature menopause, a disorder that causes the ovaries to malfunction, radiation therapy, and use of a chemotherapy drug.

• Shakiness (tremors) with weight loss or lethargy with weight gain: These symptoms advise a thyroid disorder.

In girls or women of childbearing age, the outset examination is

• A pregnancy test

If pregnancy is ruled out, other tests are done based on results of the test and the suspected crusade.

If girls have never had a menstruum (primary amenorrhea) and take normal secondary sexual characteristics, testing begins with ultrasonography to check for birth defects that could block menstrual claret from leaving the uterus. If birth defects are unusual or difficult to identify, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be washed.

Tests are usually done in a certain order, and causes are identified or eliminated in the process. Whether boosted tests are needed and which tests are washed depend on results of the previous tests. Typical tests include

• Blood tests to measure out levels of prolactin (to bank check for conditions that cause high levels), thyroid hormones (to check for thyroid disorders), follicle-stimulating hormone (to cheque for pituitary or hypothalamus malfunction), and male hormones (to bank check for disorders that cause masculine characteristics to develop)

• Imaging tests of the abdomen and pelvis using computed tomography (CT), MRI, or ultrasonography to await for a tumor in the ovaries or adrenal glands

• Examination of chromosomes in a sample of tissue (such as claret) to bank check for genetic disorders

• Utilize of hormones (estrogen and a progestin or progesterone) to try and trigger menstrual haemorrhage

For hysteroscopy, doctors insert a thin viewing tube through the vagina and cervix to view the interior of the uterus. This procedure can exist done in a md's office or in a hospital equally an outpatient procedure.

For hysterosalpingography, x-rays are taken after a substance that can be seen on x-rays (a radiopaque contrast amanuensis) is injected through the neck into the uterus and fallopian tubes. Hysterosalpingography is usually washed as an outpatient procedure in a infirmary radiology suite.

If hormones trigger menstrual bleeding, the cause may be malfunction of the hormonal system that controls menstrual periods or premature menopause. If hormones do not trigger bleeding, the cause may exist a disorder of the uterus or a structural aberration preventing menstrual blood from flowing out.

If symptoms suggest a specific disorder, tests for that disorder may be washed get-go. For example, if women have headaches and vision problems, MRI of the encephalon is washed to check for a pituitary tumor.

When amenorrhea results from some other disorder, that disorder is treated if possible. With such treatment, menstrual periods sometimes resume. For example, if an abnormality is blocking the flow of menstrual blood, it is usually surgically repaired, and periods resume. Some disorders, such as Turner syndrome and other genetic disorders, cannot exist cured.

If a daughter'southward periods never started and all exam results are normal, she is examined every 3 to 6 months to check on the progression of puberty. She may be given a progestin and sometimes estrogen to commencement her periods and to stimulate the development of secondary sexual characteristics, such as breasts.

Problems associated with amenorrhea may require treatment, such every bit

• Various conditions can disrupt the complex hormonal system that regulates the menstrual cycle, causing menstrual periods to stop.

• Doctors distinguish between primary amenorrhea (periods have never started) and secondary amenorrhea (periods started, then stopped).

• The first test is a pregnancy test.

• Unless a woman is pregnant, other testing is ordinarily required to decide the crusade of amenorrhea.

• Problems related to amenorrhea (such as a low estrogen level) may besides require treatment to prevent later health problems.

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Source: https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/menstrual-disorders-and-abnormal-vaginal-bleeding/absence-of-menstrual-periods

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